Table 1 Studies which evaluated the role of modular BCA
Author | Year | Type | Group 1, (n) | Group 2, (n) | Follow-up | Outcomes | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kamath AF [15] | 2014 | Retrospective single cohort | BiKA, (29) | / | Minimum two-year | Functional, radiological assessment and implant survivorship | Improvement across all functional scores, mean range of motion |
Uluyardimci E [17] | 2019 | Retrospective cohort | Inlay PFA/UKA, (49) | TKA, (49) | 48–60 months | Functional assessment, complication rates, and length of hospital stay | Shorter length of hospital stay, lower complication rates, similar clinical and functional result |
Benazzo F [52] | 2014 | Retrospective cohort | Isolated PFA, (25) | UKA + PFA, (30) | 5 years | Functional assessment | Promising results at mid-term follow-up |
Schrednitzki D [53] | 2020 | RCT | BCA, (40) | TKA, (40) | 5Â years | Functional assessment | No significant differences in clinical scores; significantly greater range of motion in BCA |
Romagnoli S [18] | 2018 | Retrospective cohort | PFA, (64) | UKA + PFA, (41) | 5.5 ± 1.6 years | Functional and radiological assessment | Excellent clinical and radiographic outcomes |
Rossi SMP [54] | 2021 | Retrospective single cohort | PFA + mUKA, (45) PFA + lUK, (12) | / | nine years (6 to 13) | Functional and radiological assessment survival rate | good survival rate |
Goh JKM [55] | 2020 | RCT | Unlinked, modular BCA, (26) | TKA, (22) | 10 | Functional and radiological assessment | No significant differences |
Heyse TJ [37] | 2010 | Retrospective single cohort | UKA + PFR, (9) | / | 11.8 ± 5.4 years | Functional, radiological, and satisfaction assessment | A successful approach to prevent or postpone TKA |
Baba R [47] | 2023 | Retrospective single cohort | Modular unlinked BiKA, (55) | / | 5 to 9Â years | clinical assessment | High satisfaction and functional improvement were observed, but the patellar overstuffing was a problem |