Table 1 Exclusion Criteria for all participants

Cardiovascular conditions

◦ Metal/synthetic/electrical implants (e.g., pacemaker, artificial cardiac valves, recent stents)

◦ Cardiovascular diseases (e.g., acute thromboses, increased thrombotic afflictions in recent 6 months)

Implant/devices

◦ Implants (e.g., hip, knee or other joint replacements)

Medical conditions

◦ Respiratory diseases

◦ Abdominal diseases (e.g., gallstones)

◦ Urological diseases (e.g., kidney and bladder stones)

◦ Gynecological diseases with intrauterine devices

◦ Neurological diseases (e.g., epilepsy within the last 2 years, spasticity)

◦ Acute injuries to the head

◦ Severe osteoporosis

◦ Tumors with metastases in the musculoskeletal system

Patient characteristics

◦ Body mass exceeding the maximum loaded weight of the whole body vibration machine

◦ Pregnancy