Table 4 Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) Classification distributions among included studies
Studies | Country/Region | The number of knees (healthy/arthritic/mixed) | Type I (%) | Type II (%) | Type III (%) | Type IV (%) | Type V (%) | Type VI (%) | Type VII (%) | Type VIII (%) | Type IX (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MacDessi et al. [5] | Belgium | 500 (healthy) | 132 (26.4) | 196 (39.2) | 49 (9.8) | 27 (5.4) | 77 (15.4) | 17 (3.4) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) |
Australia | 500 (arthritic) | 97 (19.4) | 161 (32.2) | 77 (15.4) | 49 (9.8) | 73 (14.6) | 37 (7.4) | 3 (0.6) | 8 (1.6) | 2 (0.4) | |
Corban et al. [12] | Australia | 700 (arthritic) | 177 (25.3) | 204 (29.1) | 153 (21.9) | 44 (6.3) | 69 (9.9) | 48 (6.9) | 1 (0.1) | 2 (0.3) | 2 (0.1) |
Tarassoli et al. [35] | Australia | 88 (arthritic) | 29 (33.0) | 24 (27.3) | 14 (15.9) | 3 (3.4) | 5 (5.7) | 11 (12.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.1) | 1 (1.1) |
Tarassoli et al. [34] | Australia | 465 (arthritic) | 112 (24.1) | 149 (32.0) | 80 (17.2) | 36 (7.7) | 40 (8.6) | 42 (9.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.7) | 3 (0.7) |
Hazratwala et al. [18] | Australia | 165 (arthritic) | 34 (20.4) | 63 (37.9) | 27 (16.3) | 11 (6.6) | 21 (12.7) | 8 (4.8) | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Kim et al. [21] | Australia | 1,124 (arthritic) | 355 (31.6) | 245 (21.8) | 211 (18.8) | 83 (7.4) | 70 (6.2) | 114 (10.1) | 11 (1.0) | 4 (0.4) | 31 (2.8) |
Moore et al. [27] | Belgium | 500 (healthy) | 132 (26.4) | 196 (39.2) | 49 (9.8) | 27 (5.4) | 77 (15.4) | 17 (3.4) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) |
Australia | 710 (arthritic) | 208 (29.3) | 192 (27.0) | 130 (18.3) | 62 (8.7) | 59 (8.3) | 50 (7.0) | 1 (0.1) | 2 (0.3) | 6 (0.9) | |
Franceschetti et al. [14] | Italy | 180 (arthritic) | 43 (23.9) | 41 (22.8) | 24 (13.3) | 22 (12.2) | 23 (12.8) | 17 (9.4) | 5 (2.8) | 3 (1.7) | 2 (1.1) |
Dragosloveanu et al. [13] | Romania | 500 (healthy) | 112 (22.4) | 195 (39.0) | 93 (18.6) | 25 (5.0) | 48 (9.6) | 22 (4.4) | 3 (0.6) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) |
Romania | 500 (arthritic) | 212 (42.4) | 84 (16.8) | 49 (9.8) | 81 (16.2) | 37 (7.4) | 23 (4.6) | 6 (1.2) | 5 (1.0) | 3 (0.6) | |
Huber et al. [20] | Austria | 8,739 (arthritic) | 2,454 (28.1) | 2,383 (27.3) | 1,830 (20.9) | 539 (6.2) | 658 (7.5) | 754 (8.6) | 30 (0.3) | 29 (0.3) | 62 (0.7) |
León-Muñoz et al. [23] | Spain | 501 (arthritic) | 154 (30.7) | 105 (21.0) | 25 (5.0) | 130 (25.9) | 56 (11.2) | 14 (2.8) | 12 (2.4) | 3 (0.6) | 2 (0.4) |
Sappey-Marinier et al. [31] | France | 1,078 (arthritic) | 360 (33.4) | 210 (19.5) | 115 (10.6) | 110 (10.2) | 204 (18.9) | 68 (6.3) | 4 (0.4) | 6 (0.6) | 1 (0.1) |
Loddo et al. [26] | France | 1,240 (healthy) | 382 (30.8) | 571 (46.0) | 159 (12.8) | 51 (4.1) | 58 (4.7) | 15 (1.2) | 2 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) |
Pangaud et al. [30] | France | 178 (arthritic) | 80 (44.9) | 41 (23.1) | 18 (10.1) | 16 (8.9) | 8 (4.5) | 7 (3.9) | 2 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (3.5) |
Åženel et al. [32] | Turkey | 414 (healthy) | 60 (14.5) | 172 (41.5) | 61 (14.7) | 21 (5.1) | 49 (11.8) | 45 (10.9) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.5) | 4 (1.0) |
Turkey | 408 (arthritic) | 115 (28.2) | 129 (31.6) | 55 (13.5) | 42 (10.3) | 50 (12.3) | 10 (2.5) | 4 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.7) | |
Steele et al. [33] | USA | 1,946 (mixed) | 193 (19.8) | 335 (34.5) | 170 (17.5) | 62 (6.4) | 122 (12.6) | 80 (8.2) | 4 (0.4) | 2 (0.2) | 5 (0.5) |
Grant et al. [16] | USA | 1,166 (arthritic) | 428 (36.7) | 193 (16.6) | 81 (6.9) | 192 (16.5) | 106 (9.1) | 40 (3.4) | 81 (6.9) | 33 (2.8) | 12 (1.0) |
Morrisey et al. [28] | USA | 335 (arthritic) | 76 (22.7) | 158 (47.2) | 31 (9.2) | 14 (4.2) | 46 (13.6) | 11 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Hsu et al. [19] | China | 214 (healthy) | 78 (36.4) | 84 (39.3) | 29 (13.6) | 12 (5.6) | 10 (4.7) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Li et al. [24] | China | 944 (arthritic) | 359 (38.0) | 189 (20) | 101 (10.7) | 161 (17.1) | 72 (7.6) | 45 (4.8) | 10 (1.1) | 5 (0.5) | 2 (0.2) |
Liu et al. [25] | China | 434 (arthritic) | 234 (53.9) | 74 (17.1) | 40 (9.2) | 55 (12.7) | 10 (2.3) | 13 (3.0) | 4 (0.9) | 1 (0.2) | 3 (0.7) |
Gao et al. [15] | China | 214 (healthy) | 49 (22.9) | 96 (44.9) | 51 (23.8) | 3 (1.4) | 12 (5.6) | 3 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
China | 477 (arthritic) | 208 (43.6) | 103 (21.6) | 50 (10.5) | 55 (11.5) | 36 (7.5) | 18 (3.8) | 5 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.4) | |
Toyooka et al. [6] | Japan | 500 (arthritic) | 269 (53.8) | 127 (25.4) | 41 (8.2) | 36 (7.2) | 22 (4.4) | 5 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Nomoto et al. [7] | Japan | 248 (arthritic) | 161 (65.0) | 58 (23.3) | 17 (6.7) | 4 (1.7) | 4 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Harada et al. [17] | Japan | 300 (arthritic) | 123 (41.0) | 121 (40.3) | 33 (11.0) | 9 (3.0) | 11 (3.7) | 2 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) |
Konishi et al. [22] | Japan | 284 (arthritic) | 155 (54.6) | 38 (13.4) | 25 (8.8) | 45 (15.8) | 5 (1.8) | 7 (2.5) | 2 (0.7) | 2 (0.7) | 5 (1.8) |
Mulpur et al. [29] | India | 500 (healthy) | 106 (21.2) | 128 (25.6) | 30 (6.0) | 84 (16.8) | 98 (19.6) | 29 (5.8) | 12 (2.4) | 9 (1.8) | 4 (0.8) |
India | 500 (arthritic) | 294 (58.8) | 69 (13.8) | 7 (1.4) | 91 (18.2) | 17 (3.4) | 5 (1.0) | 14 (2.8) | 3 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
Yang et al. [36] | Korea | 500 (healthy) | 143 (28.6) | 191 (38.2) | 82 (16.4) | 20 (4.0) | 38 (7.6) | 21 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.4) | 3 (0.6) |
Korea | 500 (arthritic) | 269 (53.8) | 88 (17.6) | 8 (1.6) | 87 (17.4) | 36 (7.2) | 3 (0.6) | 8 (1.6) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
Coetzee et al. [8] | South Africa | 608 (arthritic) | 94 (15.5) | 155 (25.5) | 174 (28.6) | 45 (7.4) | 52 (8.6) | 80 (13.2) | 3 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) | 4 (0.7) |